IMD World Competitiveness Ranking 2023
1.3.3
Female researchers % of total (headcount FT&PT)
1.3.4
R&D productivity by publication No. of scientific articles over R&D expenditure (as % GDP)
1.3.5
Scientific and technical employment % of total employment
1.3.6
High-tech patent grants % of all patents granted by applicant’s origin (average 2017-2019)
1.3.7
Robots in Education and R&D number of robots
Factor II: Technology
2.1 Regulatory framework
2.1.1
Starting a business Distance to Frontier Enforcing contracts Distance to Frontier
.
2.1.2
2.1.3 [S]
Immigration laws Immigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor Development & application of technology Development and application of technology are supported by the legal environment
2.1.4 [S]
2.1.5 [S]
Scientific research legislation Laws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation Intellectual property rights Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced
2.1.6 [S]
2.2 Capital
2.2.1
IT & media stock market capitalization % of total stock market capitalization
2.2.2 [S]
Funding for technological development Funding for technological development is readily available
2.2.3 [S]
Banking and financial services Banking and financial services do support business activities efficiently Country credit rating Index (0-60) of three country credit ratings: Fitch, Moody’s and S&P
2.2.4
2.2.5 [S]
Venture capital Venture capital is easily available for business
2.2.6
Investment in Telecommunications Percentage of GDP
2.3 Technological framework
2.3.1 [S]
Communications technology Communications technology (voice and data) meets business requirements
2.3.2
Mobile Broadband subscribers 4G & 5G market, % of mobile market Wireless broadband Penetration rate (per 100 people) Internet users Number of internet users per 1000 people
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
Internet bandwidth speed Average speed High-tech exports (%) Percentage of GDP
2.3.6
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