IMD World Digital Competitiveness

FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES BAHRAIN

u Overall top strengths Overall Top Strengths

w Overall top weaknesses Overall Top Weaknesses

KNOWLEDGE

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 - - - 13 15 - - - 48 55 - - - 31 34

Sub-Factors

Talent

Training & education

Scientific concentration

Training & education

Scientific concentration

Talent

Rank

Rank

Rank

- -

-

19 63 53 55 58 03

Employee training

Total expenditure on R&D (%)

Educational assessment PISA - Math

13 07 13 03 34

Total public expenditure on education

Total R&D personnel per capita

w

International experience

21

Higher education achievement

Female researchers

Foreign highly skilled personnel

- -

Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education)

R&D productivity by publication

Management of cities

Graduates in Sciences

Scientific and technical employment

w

u Digital/Technological skills

45 -

Women with degrees

High-tech patent grants Robots in Education and R&D

u

Net flow of international students

TECHNOLOGY

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 - - - 32 29 - - - 34 47 - - - 17 14

Sub-Factors

Regulatory framework Capital

Technological framework

Capital

Technological framework

Regulatory framework

Rank

Rank

Rank

06 05 12 05 27 56

33 42 01 12 37 46

30 27 22 60 30 51

IT & media stock market capitalization

Communications technology

Starting a business

Funding for technological development

Mobile broadband subscribers

u

Enforcing contracts

Banking and financial services

Wireless broadband

u Immigration laws

Country credit rating

Internet users

w

u

Development & application of tech.

Venture capital

Internet bandwidth speed

Scientific research legislation

Investment in Telecommunications

High-tech exports (%)

Intellectual property rights

FUTURE READINESS

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 - - - 23 49 - - - 29 32 - - - 46 50

Sub-Factors Adaptive attitudes Business agility

IT integration

Business agility

IT integration

Adaptive attitudes

Rank

Rank

Rank

47 10 05 46 52 61

59 49 44 28 16

37

Opportunities and threats

E-Government

w E-Participation

-

World robots distribution

Public-private partnerships

Internet retailing

31 36 30

Agility of companies

Cyber security

Tablet possession

Use of big data and analytics

Software piracy

Smartphone possession

Knowledge transfer

Government cyber security capacity

Attitudes toward globalization

-

Entrepreneurial fear of failure

Privacy protection by law content

w

61