IMD World Digital Competitiveness

Table of Contents

Preface ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

The IMD World Competitiveness Center ................................................................................................................................................7

Partner Institutes ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

User Guide for the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking .......................................................................................... 14 Overall and Breakdown Digital Rankings.......................................................................................................................................14 Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles ...................................................................................................................................... 15

Striving towards being a digital nation in the era of artificial intelligence ..................................................................... 18

Analysis of results ...........................................................................................................................................................................................26

The 2023 IMD World DigitalCompetitiveness Ranking ............................................................................................................. 38

Methodology in a nutshell ...........................................................................................................................................................................40

What is the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking? ....................................................................................................... 41

The 2023 IMD World Digital Competitiveness Rankings ...........................................................................................................42 Populations greater than 20 million..................................................................................................................................................42 Populations less than 20 million.........................................................................................................................................................42 GDP per capita greater than $20,000.............................................................................................................................................43 GDP per capita less than $20,000....................................................................................................................................................43 Europe-Middle East -Africa.................................................................................................................................................................. 44 Asia -Pacific .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45 The Americas...............................................................................................................................................................................................45 Knowledge.....................................................................................................................................................................................................46 Technology.....................................................................................................................................................................................................47 Future Readiness.......................................................................................................................................................................................48 Factor Rankings -5 years overview....................................................................................................................................................50 Sub-factor Rankings.................................................................................................................................................................................52

IMD World Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles ................................................................................................................ 53

Appendices and Sources ............................................................................................................................................................................182

Notes and Sources by Criteria . ...............................................................................................................................................................186 Factor I: Knowledge.................................................................................................................................................................................187 Factor II: Technology...............................................................................................................................................................................190 Factor III: Future Readiness.................................................................................................................................................................192

Index to Criteria ...............................................................................................................................................................................................194

4