IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2020

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Background St a t i st i cs

0.0.1 [B] Population - market size 0.0.2 [B] GDP per capita

Estimates in millions

US$ per capita

Fac t or I : Knowledge

1 . 1 Ta len t

1.1.1 Educational assessment PISA - Math PISA survey of 15-year olds 1.1.2 [S] International experience

International experience of senior managers is generally significant Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country’s business environment

1.1.3 [S] Foreign highly-skilled personnel 1.1.4 [S] Management of cities 1.1.5 [S] Digital/Technological skills 1.1.6 Net flow of international students

Management of cities supports business development Digital/Technological skills are readily available

Tertiary-level international students inbound minus students outbound (per 1000 people)

1 . 2 Tra i n i ng & educa t i on

1.2.1 [S] Employee training

Employee training is a high priority in companies

1.2.2 Total public expenditure on education Percentage of GDP 1.2.3 Higher education achievement

Percentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25-34

1.2.4 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education)

Number of pupils per teacher

1.2.5 Graduates in Sciences 1.2.6 Women with degrees

% of graduates in ICT, Engineering, Math & Natural Sciences Share of women who have a degree in the population 25-65

1 . 3 Sc i en t i f i c concen t ra t i on

1.3.1 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 1.3.2 Total R&D personnel per capita 1.3.3 Female researchers 1.3.4 R&D productivity by publication 1.3.5 Scientific and technical employment 1.3.6 High-tech patent grants 1.3.7 Robots in Education and R&D

Percentage of GDP

Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people

% of total (headcount FT&PT)

No. of scientific articles over R&D expenditure (as % GDP)

% of total employment

% of all patents granted by applicant’s origin (average 2015-2017)

number of robots

Fac t or I I : Techno logy

2 . 1 Regu l a t ory f ramework

2.1.1 Starting a business 2.1.2 Enforcing contracts 2.1.3 [S] Immigration laws

Distance to Frontier Distance to Frontier

Immigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor 2.1.4 [S] Development & application of technology Development and application of technology are supported by the legal environment 2.1.5 [S] Scientific research legislation Laws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation 2.1.6 [S] Intellectual property rights Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced

2 . 2 Cap i t a l

2.2.1 IT & media stock market capitalization % of total stock market capitalization 2.2.2 [S] Funding for technological development

Funding for technological development is readily available Banking and financial services do support business activities efficiently Index (0-60) of three country credit ratings: Fitch, Moody’s and S&P

2.2.3 [S] Banking and financial services 2.2.4 Country credit rating

2.2.5 [S] Venture capital

Venture capital is easily available for business

2.2.6 Investment in Telecommunications

Percentage of GDP

172

IMD WORLD DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING 2020