IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2020

FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES ROMANIA

u Overall top strengths w Overall top weaknesses

KNOWLEDGE

Subfactors

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 49 45 45 48 51 45 52 50 51 54 42 41 43 38 39

Talent

Scientific concentration Training & education

Talent

Training & education

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita

Rank

Rank

Rank

Educational assessment PISA - Math 46

Employee training

46 53

50 45 13 20 52 31 36

International experience

53 49 57

Total public expenditure on education

53 u 48 u

Higher education achievement

Female researchers

Foreign highly-skilled personnel

w Management of cities

Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education)

R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment

21 u

Digital/Technological skills

Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

15

High-tech patent grants

Net flow of international students

44

-

Robots in Education and R&D

TECHNOLOGY

Subfactors

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 31 41 39 41 43 58 60 62 59 61 36 33 31 36 37

Technological framework Regulatory framework Capital

Regulatory framework

Capital

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers

Rank

Rank

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development

Starting a business

39 18 36 57 53 50

48 53 55 52

23 51 40 43 10 39

u Enforcing contracts

Banking and financial services

Wireless broadband

Immigration laws

w Development & application of tech.

Country credit rating

Internet users

54 u

Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

Venture capital

Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Investment in Telecommunications

51

FUTURE READINESS

Subfactors

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 59 60 46 48 45 56 60 60 46 53 42 58 58 55 54

Adaptive attitudes Business agility

IT integration

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration E-Government

Rank

Rank

Rank

E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession

39 40 38 38

Opportunities and threats World robots distribution

55

48 60 36 51

35 w

Public-private partnerships

Agility of companies

49 43 57 25

Cyber security Software piracy

Smartphone possession

Use of big data and analytics

w Attitudes toward globalization

57 w

Knowledge transfer

Entrepreneurial fear of failure

137

IMD WORLD DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING 2020