IMD World Competitiveness Ranking 2023

P

Piracy..................................................................................................... 3.3.4 Privacy.................................................................................................. 3.3.6 Public-private partnerships....................................................... 3.3.2 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education)..................................1.2.4

R

R&D .............................................................................................. 1.3.1-1.3.6 R&D productivity. ............................................................................. 1.3.4 Regulations............................................................................... 2.1.1-2.1.6 Robotics.....................................................................................1.3.7, 3.2.2

S

Scientific and technical employment .................................... 1.3.5 Scientific research legislation ....................................................2.1.5 Skills...................................................................................1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.5 Smartphone possession............................................................... 3.1.4 Sofware piracy. ................................................................................ 3.3.4 Starting a business...........................................................................2.1.1

T

Tablet possession. ........................................................................... 3.1.3 Talent..................................................................................1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.5 Technological regulation...............................................................2.1.4 Technology..............................................................................2.3.1-2.3-6 Total expenditure on R&D (%)..................................................... 1.3.1 Total public expenditure on education...................................1.2.2 Total R&D personnel per capita.................................................1.3.2 Training. ..................................................................................................1.2.1

U-V

Use of big data and analytics.....................................................3.2.4 Venture capital..................................................................................2.2.5

W

Wireless broadband........................................................................2.3.3 Women with degrees.......................................................................1.2.6

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