IMD World Competitiveness Ranking 2023

FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES COLOMBIA

u Overall top strengths v r ll T Str t

w Overall top weaknesses w Overall Top Weaknesses

KNOWLEDGE

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 56 54 57 58 57 49 48 50 46 42 58 57 58 56 57

Sub-Factors

Talent

Training & education

Scientific concentration

Training & education

Scientific concentration

Talent

Rank

Rank

Rank

55 49 28 14 45 60 48

52 42 45 57 55 51

38 23 49 32 30 47

Employee training

Total expenditure on R&D (%)

Educational assessment PISA - Math

Total public expenditure on education

Total R&D personnel per capita

u

International experience

Higher education achievement

Female researchers

Foreign highly skilled personnel

Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education)

R&D productivity by publication

u

u

Management of cities

Graduates in Sciences

Scientific and technical employment

Digital/Technological skills

Women with degrees

High-tech patent grants Robots in Education and R&D

Net flow of international students

TECHNOLOGY

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 61 60 61 59 62 55 56 49 56 57 52 61 59 61 62

Sub-Factors

Regulatory framework Capital

Technological framework

Capital

Technological framework

Regulatory framework

Rank

Rank

Rank

61 61 63 57 46 47

40 64 54 54 50 50

58 53 59 55 47 04

IT & media stock market capitalization

Communications technology

w

Starting a business

Funding for technological development

Mobile broadband subscribers

w

w Enforcing contracts

Banking and financial services

Wireless broadband

w

Immigration laws

Country credit rating

Internet users

Development & application of tech.

Venture capital

Internet bandwidth speed

Scientific research legislation

Investment in Telecommunications

High-tech exports (%)

u

Intellectual property rights

FUTURE READINESS

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 56 60 58 48 58 55 38 47 54 59 45 49 46 58 58

Sub-Factors Adaptive attitudes Business agility

IT integration

Business agility

IT integration

Adaptive attitudes

Rank

Rank

Rank

54 34 52 40 64 52

34 55 60 30 49

61 49 52 45 41 38

Opportunities and threats

E-Government

E-Participation

World robots distribution

Public-private partnerships

Internet retailing

Agility of companies

Cyber security

Tablet possession

Use of big data and analytics

Software piracy

u Smartphone possession

Knowledge transfer

Government cyber security capacity

w

Attitudes toward globalization

Entrepreneurial fear of failure

Privacy protection by law content

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