IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2023

Competitiveness Country Profiles

Germany Competitiveness Trends – Overall

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (64 countries)

BASIC FACTS

Rank

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Capital Land area (square km '000)

Berlin

358 2022

15

15

0,950 2022

17

17

Exchange rate (per $)

22

Population - market size (millions) 83,28 2022 10 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 4.072,2 2022 04 GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 63.845 2022 16 Real GDP growth (%) 1,8 2022 59 Consumer price inflation (%) 8,67 2022 38 Unemployment rate (%) 3,58 2021 13 Labor force (millions) 43,04 2021 09 Current account balance (% of GDP) 4,20 2022 16 Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 1.139,1 2021 10 Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 1,73 2021 44

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices Attitudes & Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health & Environment Education

3 7

10

12

12

15

18

19 19

21 25

21

23

28

30

32 36

44

53

60

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (41 countries)

POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (27 countries)

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

4

4

4

10

10

5

11

12

7

15

75