IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2023

Estonia Competitiveness Trends – Overall

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (64 countries)

BASIC FACTS

Rank

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Capital Land area (square km '000)

Tallinn

45 2022

0,950 2022

22

Exchange rate (per $)

26

26

28

1,33 2022 61 38,1 2022 60 46.088 2022 36 -1,3 2022 63 19,45 2022 60 5,90 2022 42 0,72 2022 61 -2,18 2022 39 34,9 2021 54 19,79 2021 03

Population - market size (millions)

35

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions)

CHALLENGES IN 2023

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$)

• Accelerate innovation and infrastructure development. • Reduce shortages of skills. • Ensure energy security. • Accelerate green turn. • Strengthen defense capabilities.

Real GDP growth (%)

Consumer price inflation (%)

Unemployment rate (%)

Labor force (millions)

Current account balance (% of GDP)

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)

PROVIDED BY: Estonian Institute of Economic Research (EKI)

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices Attitudes & Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health & Environment Education

5

14

15

17

17 21

23 26

23

27

32

34 33

34

36 35

39

41

42

61

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (41 countries)

POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (37 countries)

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

15

16

16

17

18

18

19

19

21

22

72 Competitiveness Country Profiles