IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2023

Competitiveness Country Profiles

Bahrain Competitiveness Trends – Overall

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (64 countries)

BASIC FACTS

Rank

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Capital Land area (square km '000)

Manama

1 2022

25

0,376 2022

Exchange rate (per $)

30

1,57 2022 60 44,2 2022 58 56.169 2022 22 4,9 2022 26 3,64 2022 08 5,40 2022 36 0,79 2022 60 15,48 2022 06 33,5 2021 55 4,53 2021 16

Population - market size (millions)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions)

CHALLENGES IN 2023

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$)

• Continue driving economic growth while maintaining fiscal sustainability. • Expand the Kingdom’s non -oil revenue base. • Strengthen public-private partnerships to drive economic development. • Achieve fiscal balance and stabilize debt levels. • Lower carbon emissions to achieve 2060 net zero target.

Real GDP growth (%)

Consumer price inflation (%)

Unemployment rate (%)

Labor force (millions)

Current account balance (% of GDP)

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)

PROVIDED BY: Ministry of Finance and National Economy

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices Attitudes & Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health & Environment Education

1

3

5

8

10 10

13

21

23

27

35

38

38

38 40

39

42

44

51

60

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (41 countries)

POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (37 countries)

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

18

18

20

22

59