IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2023

Spain Competitiveness Trends – Overall

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (64 countries)

BASIC FACTS

Rank

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Capital Land area (square km '000)

Madrid

506 2022

36

36

36

36

0,950 2022

Exchange rate (per $)

Population - market size (millions) 47,62 2022 18 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 1.397,5 2022 14 GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 46.540 2022 34 Real GDP growth (%) 5,5 2022 18 Consumer price inflation (%) 8,32 2022 35 Unemployment rate (%) 12,90 2022 61 Labor force (millions) 23,42 2022 18 Current account balance (% of GDP) 0,58 2022 28 Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 819,7 2021 13 Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 3,08 2021 27

39

CHALLENGES IN 2023

• Invest European funds efficiently, strengthening the productive system and configuring a more resilient economy. • Manage inflation in a way that does not harm competitiveness, avoiding unnecessary indexation. • Reduce tax burden and generate a stable regulatory framework for companies. • Improve the employability of working people and rethink employment policies in the framework of social dialogue. • Strengthen the industry by rethinking distribution chains.

PROVIDED BY: Spanish Confederation of Employers, Madrid

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices Attitudes & Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health & Environment Education

13 11

25 22 25 21

29 30

29

31

33

36

40

42

43

48

51

55

58 57

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (41 countries)

POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (27 countries)

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

14

14

23

23

24

24

15

15

15

26

110 Competitiveness Country Profiles