IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2023

Romania Competitiveness Trends – Overall

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (64 countries)

BASIC FACTS

Rank

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Capital Land area (square km '000)

Bucharest

238 2022

48

48

49

4,688 2022

Exchange rate (per $)

19,04 2022 30 300,7 2022 38 38.412 2022 43 4,7 2022 29 13,80 2022 52 5,60 2022 38 8,26 2022 31 -6,70 2022 57 108,7 2021 44 4,11 2021 19

51

51

Population - market size (millions)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions)

CHALLENGES IN 2023

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$)

• Economic and social measures for increasing our economic resilience to the crisis caused by the war in Ukraine. • Reforms and investments in areas of smart specialization, research, development, and innovation. • Economic and social measures to stop the rising inflation rate and generate new production capacities and quality, stable jobs. • Provide support allowing companies to continue investing for their competitiveness improvement. • Improve healthcare and education systems to meet Romanian societal challenges.

Real GDP growth (%)

Consumer price inflation (%)

Unemployment rate (%)

Labor force (millions)

Current account balance (% of GDP)

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)

PROVIDED BY: CIT-IRECSON Center of Technological Information, Bucharest

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices Attitudes & Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health & Environment Education

21

35

36

37

37

37

40

43 48

44

46

48

50

52

53

56 56

57

61 57

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (41 countries)

POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (37 countries)

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

32

32

29

29

29

33

30

34

32

35

104 Competitiveness Country Profiles