IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2023

Competitiveness Trends – Overall Portugal

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (64 countries)

BASIC FACTS

Rank

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Capital Land area (square km '000)

Lisbon

92 2022

36

37

0,950 2022

Exchange rate (per $)

39

39

10,27 2022 37 252,2 2022 42 42.080 2022 39 6,7 2022 09 8,10 2022 32 6,00 2022 44 5,22 2022 35 -1,35 2022 35 175,5 2021 34 3,09 2021 26

42

Population - market size (millions)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions)

CHALLENGES IN 2023

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$)

• Guarantee GDP growth above peer average, increasing real income and reversing GDP per capita decline. • Develop national strategy to promote management skills, digital transformation, and energy transition, boosting company competitiveness. • Public sector reforms: justice, health, education, social security. Deliver quality and reduce economic indebtedness. • Cross-party political agreement on strategies for aging population, low birth rate, migration. • Improve bankruptcy and debt renegotiation laws to ease debt overhang in SMEs.

Real GDP growth (%)

Consumer price inflation (%)

Unemployment rate (%)

Labor force (millions)

Current account balance (% of GDP)

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)

PROVIDED BY: Porto Business School, University of Porto, Porto

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices Attitudes & Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health & Environment Education

23

24

26

28 27

30

33

34

35

35

39 38

40

40

42

47

49

51

51

54

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (41 countries)

POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (37 countries)

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

23

23

23

24

24

25

26

26

29

26

102 Competitiveness Country Profiles