IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2022

Competitiveness Country Profiles

Portugal Competitiveness Trends – Overall

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)

BASIC FACTS

Rank

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Capital Land area (square km '000)

Lisbon

92 2021

0.845 2021

33

Exchange Rate (per $)

36

37

39

42

10.28 2021 37 250.1 2021 42 36,924 2021 38 4.9 2021 33 0.94 2021 07 6.60 2021 39 5.15 2021 36 -1.14 2021 40 183.6 2020 34 2.06 2020 26

Population - market size (millions)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions)

CHALLENGES IN 2022

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$)

• Sustainable GDP growth above EU and peer average. • Promote management quality through a national strategy to enhance financial literacy, entrepreneurship, and skills. • Reinforce a (innovation and entrepreneurship) national strategy for digital transformation and energy transition that help companies’ competitiveness. • Adopt public sector reforms: justice, health, education, social security. Aim for a sustainable level of public debt, given expected increases in interest rates. • Cross-party agreement on strategy to address urgent demographic issues - ageing, low birth rate, and migration.

Real GDP growth (%)

Consumer price inflation (%)

Unemployment rate (%)

Labor force (millions)

Current account balance (% of GDP)

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)

PROVIDED BY: Porto Business School, University of Porto, Porto

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices

Attitudes and Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health and Environment Education

20

23 26

28

29

30

31

31 34

36 34

37

39

39

45 48

50

52

56

56

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries)

POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (36 countries)

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

21

24

25

26

21

29

23

23

23

26

97