IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2022
New Zealand Competitiveness Trends – Overall
OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)
BASIC FACTS
Rank
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Capital Land area (square km '000)
Wellington
268 2021
20
21
1.414 2021
22
23
Exchange Rate (per $)
31
5.12 2021 50 247.6 2021 43 46,584 2021 26 5.0 2021 31 3.94 2021 44 3.80 2021 11 2.91 2021 47 -5.57 2021 56 91.5 2020 47 1.93 2020 27
Population - market size (millions)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions)
CHALLENGES IN 2022
GDP (PPP) per capita (US$)
• Labour shortages across almost all sectors of the economy. • Low productivity and resultant lack of competitiveness on wages. • High house prices and stubborn inequality. • Short term policy thinking, short term societal (non- political) thinking. • Slow transition of habits (consumption) and industry (investment) to low carbon economy.
Real GDP growth (%)
Consumer price inflation (%)
Unemployment rate (%)
Labor force (millions)
Current account balance (% of GDP)
Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)
Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)
PROVIDED BY: Kerridge & Partners, Auckland
COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE
Economic Performance Government Efficiency
Business Efficiency
Infrastructure
Domestic Economy
International Trade
International Investment Employment Prices
Public Finance Tax Policy
Institutional Framework Business Legislation
Societal Framework
Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance
Management Practices
Attitudes and Values
Basic Infrastructure
Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure
Health and Environment Education
16
17
17 14
23 23 22
25
27
28 28
33 30
37
40
45
46
48 46
54
PEER GROUPS RANKINGS ASIA - PACIFIC (14 countries)
POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (36 countries)
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
14
5
15
15
15
6
6
7
7
21
92 Competitiveness Country Profiles
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