IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2022

Competitiveness Country Profiles

Bulgaria Competitiveness Trends – Overall

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)

BASIC FACTS

Rank

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Capital Land area (square km '000)

Sofia

111 2021

48

48

48

1.654 2021

Exchange Rate (per $)

6.92 2021 44 80.3 2021 51 25,760 2021 48 4.2 2021 43 2.84 2021 32 5.30 2021 28 3.25 2021 44 -2.04 2021 47 59.7 2020 50 3.87 2020 12

53

53

Population - market size (millions)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions)

CHALLENGES IN 2022

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$)

• Geopolitical disruption and rising inflation, driven by energy costs. • Inconsistent energy and climate policies. • Confrontation between the Executive and the Judiciary. • Lack of credible anticorruption enforcement. • Limited investment in R&D and innovation.

Real GDP growth (%)

Consumer price inflation (%)

Unemployment rate (%)

Labor force (millions)

Current account balance (% of GDP)

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)

PROVIDED BY: Centre for the Study of Democracy, Sofia

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices

Attitudes and Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health and Environment Education

7

19

20

38

46

49 49 47 49 46 52

50

51

56 54 54

59

60

60

63

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries)

POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (36 countries)

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

28

28

28

31

32

32

32

36

37

33

59