IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2022

4.5 Education 4.5.01 Total public expenditure on education 4.5.02 [B] Total public exp. on education per capita

Percentage of GDP

US$ per capita 4.5.03 Total public expenditure on education per student Spending per enrolled pupil/student, all levels 4.5.04 Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff 4.5.05 Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff 4.5.06 Secondary school enrollment

Percentage of relevant age group receiving full-time education

4.5.07 Higher education achievement 4.5.08 Women with degrees 4.5.09 Student mobility inbound 4.5.10 [B] Student mobility outbound 4.5.11 Educational assessment - PISA

% of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25-34 Share of women who have a degree in the population 25-65 Foreign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants National tertiary-level students studying abroad per 1000 inhabitants

PISA survey of 15-year olds

4.5.12 [B] Students who are not low achievers - PISA

% of students who are not low achievers in maths, sciences and reading

4.5.13 [B] English proficiency - TOEFL 4.5.14 [S] Primary and secondary education

TOEFL scores

Primary and secondary education meets the needs of a competitive economy University education meets the needs of a competitive economy Management education meets the needs of the business community Country score calculated from Times Higher Education university ranking Adult (over 15 years) illiteracy rate as a percentage of population

4.5.15 [S] University education 4.5.16 [S] Management education 4.5.17 University education index

4.5.18 Illiteracy

4.5.19 [S] Language skills

Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises

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