IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2022

Competitiveness Country Profiles

Spain Competitiveness Trends – Overall

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)

BASIC FACTS

Rank

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Capital Land area (square km '000)

Madrid

506 2021

36

36

36

36

0.845 2021

Exchange Rate (per $)

Population - market size (millions) 47.33 2021 18 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 1,425.3 2021 13 GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 41,903 2021 35 Real GDP growth (%) 5.1 2021 30 Consumer price inflation (%) 3.09 2021 34 Unemployment rate (%) 14.80 2021 59 Labor force (millions) 23.20 2021 17 Current account balance (% of GDP) 0.94 2021 28 Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 853.3 2020 12 Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 2.63 2020 21

39

CHALLENGES IN 2022

• Invest European funds efficiently, strengthening the productive system and configuring a more resilient economy. • Boost digitalization and scientific research & development and technological innovation • The improvement of the employability of working people, rethinking policies of employment in the framework of social dialogue. • Manage inflation in a way that does not harm competitiveness, avoiding unnecessary indexation. • Strengthen the industry by rethinking distribution chains.

PROVIDED BY: Spanish Confederation of Employers, Madrid

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices

Attitudes and Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health and Environment Education

17

19

20 15

23

25

28 26

32

32

34

39

40

43

46

47 45

52

53

59

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries)

POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (27 countries)

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

14

14

14

23

23

24

24

15

15

26

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