IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2021
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL BULGARIA
OVERALL PERFORMANCE (64 countries)
BASIC FACTS Capital Land area (square km '000)
Rank
Sofia
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
111 2020
48
48
48
49
1.716 2020 6.95 2020 69.1 2020 23,683 2020
Exchange Rate (per $)
53
46
Population - market size (millions)
CHALLENGES IN 2021 Political instability and slow rate of COVID-19 vaccination. Limited diffusion of the e-government solutions. • Political instability and slow rate of COVID-19 vaccination. • Limited diffusion of the e-government solutions. • Slow energy transition and high energy costs for businesses. • Lagging quality of university education, brain-drain and low R&D spending. • Persistent governance and corruption issues.
53
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions)
47
GDP (PPP) per capita (US$)
-4.2 2020 1.22 2020 5.10 2020 3.29 2020 4.01 2020 51.9 2019 3.03 2019
30
Real GDP growth (%)
35
Consumer price inflation (%)
23
Unemployment rate (%)
46
Labor force (millions)
16
Current account balance (% of GDP)
51
Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)
Centre for the Study of Democracy, Sofia Provided by: Centre for the Study of Democracy, Sofia
23
Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)
COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE
Economic Performance
Government Efficiency
Business Efficiency
Infrastructure
Domestic Economy
International Trade
International Investment Employment Prices
Public Finance
Tax Policy
Institutional Framework Business Legislation
Societal Framework
Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance
Management Practices
Attitudes and Values
Basic Infrastructure
Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure
Health and Environment Education
8
18
23
33
37
48
50
52
52 55
52 51
53
53
55
57
57
57
61
61
PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (41 countries)
POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (35 countries)
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
32
32
32
27
33
28
28
28
37
32
58
IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS BOOKLET 2021
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