IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2021

COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL SPAIN

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (64 countries)

BASIC FACTS Capital Land area (square km '000)

Rank

Madrid

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

506 2020

34

0.876 2020 47.35 2020 1,281.2 2020 38,197 2020 -10.8 2020 -0.32 2020 15.50 2020 22.73 2020 0.66 2020 751.5 2019 1.06 2019

Exchange Rate (per $)

36

36

36

39

19

Population - market size (millions)

CHALLENGES IN 2021 Preserve and strengthen the business sector. Improve the business climate to reactivate investment. • Preserve and strengthen the business sector. • Improve the business climate to reactivate investment. • Boost digitalization and scientific research, development and technological innovation. • The rebirth of the industry, betting on high-value growth. • The improvement of the employability of working people, rethinking policies of employment in the framework of social dialogue.

14

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions)

33

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$)

62

Real GDP growth (%)

11

Consumer price inflation (%)

58

Unemployment rate (%)

18

Labor force (millions)

36

Current account balance (% of GDP)

12

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)

Spanish Confederation of Employers, Madrid Provided by: Spanish Confederation of Employers, Madrid

51

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance

Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance

Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices

Attitudes and Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health and Environment Education

16

20

23 22

26

28

29

30

31

32

34

37

44

46

47

47

48

52

54

58

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (41 countries)

POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

22

13

23

23

24

14

14

26

15

15

105

IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS BOOKLET 2021