IMD World Competitiveness Booklet 2021

COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL ROMANIA

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (64 countries)

BASIC FACTS Capital Land area (square km '000)

Rank

Bucharest

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

238 2020

48

4.244 2020 19.33 2020 248.3 2020 30,509 2020 -3.9 2020 2.65 2020 5.20 2020 9.03 2020 -5.05 2020 97.1 2019 2.95 2019

49

49

Exchange Rate (per $)

50

51

31

Population - market size (millions)

CHALLENGES IN 2021 Immediate and massive support for the recovery of our economy and increasing its resilience. • Immediate and massive support for the recovery of our economy and increasing its resilience. • Reforms and investments in areas of smart specialization, research, development and innovation. • Measures to stop job losses due to the COVD-19 crisis and generate new quality and stable jobs. • Provide support allowing companies to continue investing for their competitiveness improvement. • Improving healthcare and education systems to meet the challenges of COVID-19.

41

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions)

40

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$)

26

Real GDP growth (%)

47

Consumer price inflation (%)

24

Unemployment rate (%)

32

Labor force (millions)

60

Current account balance (% of GDP)

45

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)

CIT-IRECSON Center of Technological Information, Bucharest Provided by: CIT-IRECSON Center of Technological Information, Bucharest

24

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

Economic Performance

Government Efficiency

Business Efficiency

Infrastructure

Domestic Economy

International Trade

International Investment Employment Prices

Public Finance

Tax Policy

Institutional Framework Business Legislation

Societal Framework

Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance

Management Practices

Attitudes and Values

Basic Infrastructure

Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure

Health and Environment Education

18

30

31

31

36

40

42

44 44 45

46

47

47

51

51

55

56

56

58

60

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (41 countries) 33 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 33 33

POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (35 countries)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

28

34

29

29

29

30

35

98

IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS BOOKLET 2021