Digital_Ranking_Report_2021

Notes and Sour ces b y Cr i ter i a The source of the survey criteria is always : IMD World Competitiveness Center’s Executive Opinion Survey 2021. Which was conducted from mid-February to early May 2021, with a total number of 5'776 respondents. Standard notes used in the data tables When statistical data is not available or is too out-dated to be relevant for a particular economy, the name appears at the bottom of the statistical table and a dash is shown. When the data is older than the reference year, the year of the data is shown next to the criterion value.

Exchange Rate

As most data are expressed in U.S. dollars, you will find the exchange rates used at the beginning of the Statistical Tables. The sources for the Exchange Rates are International Financial Statistics Online February 2021 (IMF) and national sources. For all information presented “per capita” the sources for the population are the World Economic Outlook April 2021 and national sources. For all information presented as a “percentage of GDP” the sources for GDP are the OECD Main Economic Indicators April 2021 and national sources.

Per capita

% of GDP

[B] Exchange Rate (National currency per US$ (average)) International Financial Statistics Online February 2021 (IMF) National sources Period average. [B] Population - market size (Estimates in millions) World Economic Outlook April 2021 National sources

Mid-year estimates. Croatia: new census in 2011 with a new methodology. India: break in series in 2011. Iceland, Romania as of January 1. Jordan: series have been revised according to the the new Population and Housing Census published in 2016. End of year population for 2019 and 2020. Lithuania: break in series 2011 - census revised population figure downwards by 10% (emigration to EU over past decade). Philippines: Projected population (medium assumption) excluding for 2015, which is based on the 2015 Census. Portugal: methodological change in 2011. Russia: including Crimea as of 2015. UAE: re-estimation of the national population was made by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010 (consequent increase as of 2008). [B] GDP per capita (US$ per capita) OECD (2021), Main Economic Indicators - complete database National sources Provisional data or estimates for most recent year. Malaysia: Data 2018 & 2019: Preliminary; Data 2020 is sum of 4 quarters.

Factor 1: Knowledge

1.1 Talent 1.1.1 Educational assessment PISA - Math (PISA survey of 15-year olds) PISA 2018 (OECD) http://www.oecd.org/pisa/

The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a regular survey of 15-year olds which assesses aspects of their preparedness for adult life. PISA selects a sample of students that represents the full population of 15-year-old students in each participating country or education system, in both public and private schools. Mathematical literacy: an individual’s capacity to identify and understand the role that mathematics plays in the world, to make well-founded judgments and to use and engage with mathematics in ways that meet the needs of that individual’s life as a constructive, concerned and reflective citizen. Scientific literacy: an individual’s scientific knowledge and use of that knowledge to identify questions, to acquire new knowledge, to explain scientific phenomena, and to draw evidence based conclusions about science-related issues, understanding of the characteristic features of science as a form of human knowledge and enquiry, awareness of how science and technology shape our material, intellectual, and cultural environments, and willingness to engage in science-related issues, and with the ideas of science, as a reflective citizen. Hong Kong (China), Netherlands, Portugal and United States: Data did not meet the PISA technical standards but were accepted as largely comparable. China: limited regions (B-S-J-Z); the municipalities of Beijing and Shanghai and the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang participated.

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IMD WORLD DI G I TAL COMPET I T I VENESS RANK ING 2021