Digital Ranking 2022

Notes and Sources by Criteria

1.2.4

Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) UNESCO http://stats.uis.unesco.org National sources

Average number of pupils per teacher at a given level of education, based on headcounts of both pupils and teachers. Tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 to 8). Tertiary education builds on secondary education, providing learning activities in specialised fields of education. It aims at learning at a high level of complexity and specialisation. Tertiary education includes what is commonly understood as academic education but also includes advanced vocational or professional education. Czech Republic, France, Ireland and Poland: based on full- time equivalents. Philippines: Academic Year 2017-2018 data. Data includes students and faculty from both public and private tertiary educational institutions.

1.2.5

Graduates in Sciences UNESCO National sources

Share of graduates in Natural Sciences; Mathematics and Statistics; Information and Communication technologies; Engineering, manufacturing and construction. In tertiary education (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8), both sexes (%). Japan: Data on information and communication technologies are included in other fields. Jordan: 2020 data used in 2019. Philippines: includes Medical and Allied Disciplines Graduates.

1.2.6

Women with degrees OECD Education at a Glance 2021 National sources

Educational attainment in tertiary education of 25-64 year-old females expressed as a percentage of the female population 25-64. In most countries data refer to ISCED 2011 (codes 5/6/7/8). Japan: includes data from another category. Kazakhstan: Proportion of women aged 24-44 who have received tertiary education. Taiwan, China: Including those attending & suspended.

Scientific concentration

1.3.1

Total expenditure on R&D (%) OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators UNESCO http://stats.uis.unesco.org National sources

National estimates, projections or provisional data for the most recent year. Chile, Denmark, France, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden: break in series. Hungary (up to 2003), Israel: defense excluded(all or mostly). Indonesia: Estimate based on target GERD by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Sweden: underestimated or based on underestimated data. USA: excludes most or all capital expenditure.

1.3.2

Total R&D personnel per capita OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators UNESCO http://stats.uis.unesco.org National sources

National estimates, projections or provisional data for most recent year. Czech Republic, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Hungary, Japan, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden and Taiwan, China: break in series. Mongolia: Total number of employees in science sector. United Kingdom: underestimated or based on underestimated data. Jordan, Philippines: based on headcount, not FTE. Female researchers UNESCO OECD (2022), “Main Science and Technology Indicators”, OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics (database)

1.3.3

Female researchers (headcount) who are mainly or partially employed in R&D. This includes staff employed both full-time and part- time. Expressed as a percentage of the total workforce (male + female)

176

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